A large body of basic research on memory, decision-making, and neural systems has accumulated with major implications for improving prevention effects through new strategies. This ongoing study experimentally evaluates short-term prospective effects of new interventions on preventive behaviors (condom use and HIV/Hepatitis testing) and underlying basic processes in a large sample of drug offenders. It is hypothesized that new interventions derived from basic research in cognitive neuroscience will show superior effects on preventive behavior over more traditional interventions. The study is conducted with drug diversion participants in existing drug education facilities. Thus, the intervention components can later be readily disseminated, since they are already tailored to the population and field setting. The investigators have repeatedly shown that carefully tailored basic research protocols are acceptable, feasible, and effective in this context. Community programs, such as drug diversion, are in urgent need of evidence-based, powerful interventions on HIV/HBV/HCV risk prevention. This project experimentally evaluates theoretically sound, practical interventions with strong potential for improving public health.